Disinfection Practices for Library, Archival, Photographic, and Cinematographic Heritage: State of the Art and Emerging Perspectives

Abstract

Growing awareness of the health and environmental risks associated with conventional biocides has underscored the need for safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study reviews the current state of disinfection practices applied to paper, parchment, photographic materials, and film, with a focus on recent advances and innovative approaches. Particular attention is devoted to emerging techniques, while acknowledging that many novel disinfection strategies still require thorough investigation and validation. The Italian context is examined in detail, where the conservation of cultural heritage faces specific challenges and opportunities that may shape future developments in the field.